---
title: Fornander says: “It was a chivalrous undertaking, a forlorn hope, wh… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Fornander says: “It was a chivalrous undertaking, a forlorn hope, wholly unauthorised but fully within the spirit of that time for personal valour, audacity, and total disregard of consequences. Who acts: Fornander, part. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Eight of Oahu, sentence 31

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Fornander says: “It was a chivalrous undertaking, a forlorn hope, wholly unauthorised but fully within the spirit of that time for personal valour, audacity, and total disregard of consequences.

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**Who acts:** Fornander, part · **What happens:** say, be, disregard · **To what, where:** chivalrous undertaking, consequences · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fornander, part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:16:31
# text = Fornander says: “It was a chivalrous undertaking, a forlorn hope, wholly unauthorised but fully within the spirit of that time for personal valour, audacity, and total disregard of consequences.
1	Fornander	Fornander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chivalrous	chivalrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	undertaking	undertaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	forlorn	forlorn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	16	conj	_	_
19	within	within	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	audacity	audacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	disregard	disregard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	consequences	consequence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Fornander |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | part | a chivalrous undertaking and a forlorn hope and total disregard of consequences |  |  |  | a forlorn hope *conj*; total disregard of consequences *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **disregard** *in a quote* |  |  | consequences |  |  |  |  | nom disregard «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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