---
title: It has been said that this was a fight “to which Hawaiian legends re… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: It has been said that this was a fight “to which Hawaiian legends record no parallel.” Who acts: this, Hawaiian legends. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Eight of Oahu, sentence 45

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It has been said that this was a fight “to which Hawaiian legends record no parallel.”

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**Who acts:** this, Hawaiian legends · **What happens:** say, be, record · **To what, where:** wave, fight, parallel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, Hawaiian legends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:16:45
# text = It has been said that this was a fight “to which Hawaiian legends record no parallel.”
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	14	det	_	_
13	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	legends	legend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	record	record	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	parallel	parallel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive |  | wave |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | past | this | a fight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **record** *in a quote* | present | which Hawaiian legends | no parallel |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parallel=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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