---
title: His canoes were spread along the beach below Diamond Head, covering… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: His canoes were spread along the beach below Diamond Head, covering the sands of Waikiki. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Eight of Oahu, sentence 7

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His canoes were spread along the beach below Diamond Head, covering the sands of Waikiki.

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**What happens:** spread, cover · **To what, where:** canoes, beach, sands

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:16:7
# text = His canoes were spread along the beach below Diamond Head, covering the sands of Waikiki.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	canoes	canoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	below	below	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Diamond	diamond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sands	sand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Waikiki	Waikiki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past · passive |  | Kahekili's canoes |  | the beach below Diamond Head |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme along beach=Destination |
| 2 | **cover** | gerund |  | the sands of Waikiki |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sand=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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