---
title: They had a famous war shell known as the “kihapu.” — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: They had a famous war shell known as the “kihapu.” Who acts: natives. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 22

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They had a famous war shell known as the “kihapu.”

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**Who acts:** natives · **What happens:** have, know · **To what, where:** famous war shell

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:17:22
# text = They had a famous war shell known as the “kihapu.”
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	kihapu	kihapu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | natives *= native* | a famous war shell |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient |
| 2 | **know** | participle |  | a famous war shell *not said here* |  |  |  | as the kihapu | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as kihapu=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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