---
title: Ka-meha-meha I, in 1789, had gained the adherence of the noted chief… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Ka-meha-meha I, in 1789, had gained the adherence of the noted chief Kaiana, who had already visited China and purchased guns and ammunition. Who acts: Ka. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 4

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Ka-meha-meha I, in 1789, had gained the adherence of the noted chief Kaiana, who had already visited China and purchased guns and ammunition.

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**Who acts:** Ka · **What happens:** gain, note, visit, purchase · **To what, where:** adherence, guns

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:17:4
# text = Ka-meha-meha I, in 1789, had gained the adherence of the noted chief Kaiana, who had already visited China and purchased guns and ammunition.
1	Ka	Ka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	meha	meha	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	meha	meha	X	FW	_	1	dep	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1789	1789	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	gained	gain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	adherence	adherence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	noted	note	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	Kaiana	Kaiana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	already	already	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	visited	visit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
25	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	purchased	purchase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
28	guns	gun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	ammunition	ammunition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | past · perfect | Ka | the adherence of the noted chief |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adherence=Theme |
| 2 | **note** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **visit** | past · perfect · passive |  | the adherence of the noted chief |  |  |  | China *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **purchase** | past | Ka *not said here* | guns and ammunition |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset gun=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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