---
title: Standing among the ruins of an ancient fort he threw his spear far u… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Standing among the ruins of an ancient fort he threw his spear far up toward the clouds above. Who acts: god. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 42

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Standing among the ruins of an ancient fort he threw his spear far up toward the clouds above.

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**Who acts:** god · **What happens:** stand, throw, ruin · **To what, where:** ruins, spear, ancient fort

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (god), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:17:42
# text = Standing among the ruins of an ancient fort he threw his spear far up toward the clouds above.
1	Standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	among	among	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fort	fort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
14	up	up	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
15	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
18	above	above	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | gerund | god *not said here* |  |  | the ruins of a ancient fort |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent among ruin=Location |
| 2 | **throw** | past | god | god's spear |  |  |  | toward the clouds; above *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme |
| 3 | **ruin** |  |  | a ancient fort |  |  |  |  | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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