---
title: Great gulches, bordered by enormous growths of tropical luxuriance,… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Great gulches, bordered by enormous growths of tropical luxuriance, are rapidly formed. Who acts: tropical luxuriance. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 51

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Great gulches, bordered by enormous growths of tropical luxuriance, are rapidly formed.

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**Who acts:** tropical luxuriance · **What happens:** border, form, grow · **To what, where:** Great gulches

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tropical luxuriance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:17:51
# text = Great gulches, bordered by enormous growths of tropical luxuriance, are rapidly formed.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	gulches	gulch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	bordered	border	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	growths	growth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	luxuriance	luxuriance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **border** | participle |  | Great gulches *not said here* |  |  |  | by enormous growths of tropical luxuriance | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **form** | present · passive |  | Great gulches |  |  |  | rapidly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** |  | tropical luxuriance |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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