---
title: The people on the bluffs saw the red flashes of the guns and noted t… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The people on the bluffs saw the red flashes of the guns and noted the increasing noise of the artillery until they could no longer hear the voices of men. Who acts: people, guns, artillery. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun, with its dependency tree 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 78

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The people on the bluffs saw the red flashes of the guns and noted the increasing noise of the artillery until they could no longer hear the voices of men.

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**Who acts:** people, guns, artillery · **What happens:** see, note, hear, flash, noise · **To what, where:** red flashes, increasing noise, voices

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, guns, artillery), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:17:78
# text = The people on the bluffs saw the red flashes of the guns and noted the increasing noise of the artillery until they could no longer hear the voices of men.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bluffs	bluff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	flashes	flash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	guns	gun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	noted	note	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	increasing	increasing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	artillery	artillery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
23	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
24	no	no	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	26	advmod	_	_
26	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	voices	voice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the people on the bluffs | the red flashes of the guns |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer flash=Stimulus |
| 2 | **note** | past | the people on the bluffs *not said here* | the increasing noise of the artillery |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent noise=Topic |
| 3 | **hear** | could | people | the voices of men |  |  |  | long *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |
| 4 | **flash** |  | the guns |  |  |  |  |  | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 5 | **noise** |  | the artillery |  |  |  |  |  | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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