---
title: In the eyes of the old Hawaiians the ghost-gods had avenged themselv… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: In the eyes of the old Hawaiians the ghost-gods had avenged themselves in the battle of “the red mouth guns.” A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 85

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In the eyes of the old Hawaiians the ghost-gods had avenged themselves in the battle of “the red mouth guns.”

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**What happens:** avenge, battle · **To what, where:** ghost gods, eyes, mouth guns

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:17:85
# text = In the eyes of the old Hawaiians the ghost-gods had avenged themselves in the battle of “the red mouth guns.”
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Hawaiians	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	avenged	avenge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	guns	gun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avenge** | past · perfect · passive |  | the ghost gods |  | the eyes |  | of the old Hawaiians; in the battle of mouth guns; Hawaiians *= hawaiian* *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **battle** |  |  | mouth guns |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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