---
title: Other chiefs, of the southern part of the island, refused to swear a… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Other chiefs, of the southern part of the island, refused to swear allegiance to Ka-meha-meha, and had continued the war. Who acts: Other chiefs. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Law of the Splintered Paddle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Law of the Splintered Paddle, sentence 56

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Other chiefs, of the southern part of the island, refused to swear allegiance to Ka-meha-meha, and had continued the war.

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**Who acts:** Other chiefs · **What happens:** refuse, not swear, continue · **To what, where:** allegiance, war

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Law of the Splintered Paddle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Other chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:18:56
# text = Other chiefs, of the southern part of the island, refused to swear allegiance to Ka-meha-meha, and had continued the war.
1	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	swear	swear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	allegiance	allegiance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Ka	Ka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	meha	meha	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	17	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	meha	meha	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	19	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	continued	continue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	parataxis	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | Other chiefs of the southern part of the island |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **swear** | to-infinitive | Other chiefs of the southern part of the island *not said here* | allegiance |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent allegiance=Eventuality |
| 3 | **continue** | past · perfect |  | the war |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent war=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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