---
title: The king, commanding the others not to follow, leaped from the canoe… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The king, commanding the others not to follow, leaped from the canoe to attack two stalwart natives who had been aiding the weak to escape. Who acts: king, two stalwart natives. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Law of the Splintered Paddle, with its dependency tre
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Law of the Splintered Paddle, sentence 97

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The king, commanding the others not to follow, leaped from the canoe to attack two stalwart natives who had been aiding the weak to escape.

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**Who acts:** king, two stalwart natives · **What happens:** command, not follow, leap, attack, aid, escape · **To what, where:** others, canoe, two stalwart natives, weak · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Law of the Splintered Paddle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, two stalwart natives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:18:97
# text = The king, commanding the others not to follow, leaped from the canoe to attack two stalwart natives who had been aiding the weak to escape.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	commanding	command	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
17	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
18	stalwart	stalwart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	natives	native	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	aux	_	_
23	aiding	aid	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	obj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | gerund | the king *not said here* | the others |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent other=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **follow** | to-infinitive | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **leap** | participle | the king *not said here* |  |  | the canoe |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from canoe=Trajectory |
| 4 | **attack** | to-infinitive | the king *not said here* | two stalwart natives |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent native=Patient |
| 5 | **aid** | past · perfect · progressive | two stalwart natives | the weak |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weak=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **escape** | to-infinitive | two stalwart natives *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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