---
title: The queen gently raised the old woman, calling her “mother,” as was… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The queen gently raised the old woman, calling her “mother,” as was the Hawaiian custom when speaking to favourite retainers. Who acts: queen. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Last of the Tabu, sentence 16

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The queen gently raised the old woman, calling her “mother,” as was the Hawaiian custom when speaking to favourite retainers.

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**Who acts:** queen · **What happens:** raise, call, be, speak · **To what, where:** old woman, queen · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (queen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:19:16
# text = The queen gently raised the old woman, calling her “mother,” as was the Hawaiian custom when speaking to favourite retainers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
21	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	retainers	retainer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the queen | the old woman |  |  |  | gently *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woman=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | the queen *not said here* | queen |  |  |  | mother *obj* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme mother=Result |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | as the Hawaiian custom | tree rules |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | the queen *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to favourite retainers | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to retainer=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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