---
title: Ka-ahu-manu laughed gaily, saying: “O my thoughtless one, you have t… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Ka-ahu-manu laughed gaily, saying: “O my thoughtless one, you have tempted your queen to break tabu.” Who acts: Ka ahu manu. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Last of the Tabu, sentence 22

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Ka-ahu-manu laughed gaily, saying: “O my thoughtless one, you have tempted your queen to break tabu.”

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**Who acts:** Ka ahu manu · **What happens:** laugh, say, tempt, break · **To what, where:** you, tabu · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ka ahu manu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:19:22
# text = Ka-ahu-manu laughed gaily, saying: “O my thoughtless one, you have tempted your queen to break tabu.”
1	Ka	Ka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ahu	ahu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	manu	manu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	15	discourse	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	thoughtless	thoughtless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	tempted	tempt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
20	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
24	tabu	tabu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | Ka ahu manu |  |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Ka ahu manu *not said here* |  |  |  |  | my thoughtless one *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tempt** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | you |  |  |  | your queen *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer queen=Result |
| 4 | **break** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | tabu |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tabu=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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