---
title: There the chiefs and common people alike were born, and out of such… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: There the chiefs and common people alike were born, and out of such grass houses their bodies were carried when life was over. Who acts: life. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Last of the Tabu, sentence 4

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There the chiefs and common people alike were born, and out of such grass houses their bodies were carried when life was over.

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**Who acts:** life · **What happens:** bear, carry, be · **To what, where:** chiefs, bodies, such grass houses

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:19:4
# text = There the chiefs and common people alike were born, and out of such grass houses their bodies were carried when life was over.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	alike	alike	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
22	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	over	over	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | the chiefs |  | there |  | common people *nsubj:pass* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **carry** | past · passive |  | people's bodies |  | such grass houses |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: subject=Theme out house=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is** | past | life |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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