---
title: When he knew that his illness was serious he gave the kingdom jointl… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: When he knew that his illness was serious he gave the kingdom jointly to Ka-ahu-manu and his son, Liho-liho. Who acts: meha, illness. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Last of the Tabu, sentence 54

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When he knew that his illness was serious he gave the kingdom jointly to Ka-ahu-manu and his son, Liho-liho.

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**Who acts:** meha, illness · **What happens:** know, be, give · **To what, where:** kingdom, Ka ahu manu · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (meha, illness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:19:54
# text = When he knew that his illness was serious he gave the kingdom jointly to Ka-ahu-manu and his son, Liho-liho.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
15	Ka	Ka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	ahu	ahu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	manu	manu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	Liho	Liho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	liho	liho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | meha |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | meha's illness |  |  |  |  | serious *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | past | meha | the kingdom | Ka ahu manu and meha's son and Liho liho |  |  | jointly *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme to manu=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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