---
title: These are the ways by which men gain influence—by labouring for abun… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: These are the ways by which men gain influence—by labouring for abundance of food to feed others, by collecting property to give to others, and by similar means by which you promote the good of others.” Who acts: These, men, similar, you. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westerve
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/24/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Hawaiian Historical Legends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/) / [Maui the Polynesian](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/) / 24

# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui the Polynesian, sentence 24

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These are the ways by which men gain influence—by labouring for abundance of food to feed others, by collecting property to give to others, and by similar means by which you promote the good of others.”

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** These, men, similar, you · **What happens:** be, gain, labour, feed, collect, give · **To what, where:** ways, influence, others, property, good · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui the Polynesian. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, men, similar, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:2:24
# text = These are the ways by which men gain influence—by labouring for abundance of food to feed others, by collecting property to give to others, and by similar means by which you promote the good of others.”
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gain	gain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	labouring	labour	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
19	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	collecting	collect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
23	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	nsubj	_	_
32	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
33	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	obl	_	_
35	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	promote	promote	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	ccomp	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | These | the ways |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gain** | present | men | influence |  |  |  | by the ways | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent influence=Theme |
| 3 | **labour** | gerund | men *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for abundance of food | vn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **feed** | to-infinitive | men *not said here* | others |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Recipient |
| 5 | **collect** | gerund | men *not said here* | property |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Theme |
| 6 | **give** | to-infinitive | men *not said here* |  | others |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to other=Recipient |
| 7 | **mean** | present | similar |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 8 | **promote** | present | you | the good of others |  |  |  | which *obl* | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent good=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/23/)
- next →: [sentence 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/25/)
- ↑ back to [Maui the Polynesian](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/)