---
title: Thus the Hawaiian mud-hen and her descendants have ever since had ba… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus the Hawaiian mud-hen and her descendants have ever since had bald heads, and the Hawaiians have had the secret of fire-making. Who acts: Hawaiian mud hen, Hawaiians. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui the Polynesian, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui the Polynesian, sentence 80

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Thus the Hawaiian mud-hen and her descendants have ever since had bald heads, and the Hawaiians have had the secret of fire-making.

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**Who acts:** Hawaiian mud hen, Hawaiians · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** bald heads, secret

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui the Polynesian. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiian mud hen, Hawaiians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:2:80
# text = Thus the Hawaiian mud-hen and her descendants have ever since had bald heads, and the Hawaiians have had the secret of fire-making.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	13	advmod	_	_
12	since	since	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
14	bald	bald	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Hawaiians	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
20	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	making	making	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Hawaiian mud hen and flesh's descendants |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | the Hawaiian mud hen and flesh's descendants *not said here* | bald heads |  |  | ever | since *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | present · perfect | the Hawaiians | the secret of fire making |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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