---
title: Mr. Bingham says, “They began at once to teach.—The first pupils wer… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Mr. Bingham says, “They began at once to teach.—The first pupils were the chiefs and their favourite attendants and the wives and children of foreigners.” Who acts: Bingham, missionaries, first pupils. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing, with its
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/15/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Hawaiian Historical Legends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/) / [First Hawaiian Printing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/) / 15

# Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mr. Bingham says, “They began at once to teach.—The first pupils were the chiefs and their favourite attendants and the wives and children of foreigners.”

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bingham, missionaries, first pupils · **What happens:** say, begin, teach, be · **To what, where:** chiefs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bingham, missionaries, first pupils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:20:15
# text = Mr. Bingham says, “They began at once to teach.—The first pupils were the chiefs and their favourite attendants and the wives and children of foreigners.”
1	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Bingham	Bingham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	teach	teach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	16	amod	_	_
16	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	attendants	attendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	wives	wife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	foreigners	foreigner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Bingham  Mr. |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **begin** *in a quote* | past | missionaries *= missionary* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* *in a quote* | to-infinitive | missionaries *= missionary* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the first pupils | the chiefs and missionaries's favourite attendants and the wives and children of foreigners |  |  |  | missionaries's favourite attendants *conj*; the wives *conj*; children of foreigners *conj* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/14/)
- next →: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/16/)
- ↑ back to [First Hawaiian Printing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/)