---
title: They did not study the people or help them to study. — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: They did not study the people or help them to study. Who acts: Foreigners. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 3

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They did not study the people or help them to study.

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**Who acts:** Foreigners · **What happens:** not study, help, study · **To what, where:** people, Foreigners

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Foreigners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:20:3
# text = They did not study the people or help them to study.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **study** | past · do-support | Foreigners *= foreigner* | the people |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |
| 2 | **help** | infinitive | Foreigners *= foreigner* *not said here* | Foreigners *= foreigner* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **study** | to-infinitive | Foreigners *= foreigner* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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