---
title: The fourth item recorded as issued in these islands was in December,… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The fourth item recorded as issued in these islands was in December, 1823, and is the very rare and unique little book of 60 pages of Hawaiian hymns prepared by Rev. Hiram Bingham and Rev. William Ellis, an English missionary from Tahiti who resided in Honolulu at the time, heartily allying himself 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 40

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fourth item recorded as issued in these islands was in December, 1823, and is the very rare and unique little book of 60 pages of Hawaiian hymns prepared by Rev. Hiram Bingham and Rev. William Ellis, an English missionary from Tahiti who resided in Honolulu at the time, heartily allying himself with the American missionaries.

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**Who acts:** fourth item, English missionary · **What happens:** record, issue, be, prepare, reside, ally · **To what, where:** fourth item, islands, Hawaiian hymns, Honolulu

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fourth item, English missionary), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:20:40
# text = The fourth item recorded as issued in these islands was in December, 1823, and is the very rare and unique little book of 60 pages of Hawaiian hymns prepared by Rev. Hiram Bingham and Rev. William Ellis, an English missionary from Tahiti who resided in Honolulu at the time, heartily allying himself with the American missionaries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	issued	issue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	1823	1823	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	very	very	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	parataxis	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	unique	unique	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	hymns	hymn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
31	prepared	prepare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	acl	_	_
32	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	Rev.	Rev.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod:desc	_	_
34	Hiram	Hiram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obl:agent	_	_
35	Bingham	Bingham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	flat	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	Rev.	Rev.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod:desc	_	_
38	William	William	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
39	Ellis	Ellis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	missionary	missionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	_
44	from	from	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Tahiti	Tahiti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	47	nsubj	_	_
47	resided	reside	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	acl:relcl	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	Honolulu	Honolulu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
50	at	at	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
54	heartily	heartily	ADV	RB	_	55	advmod	_	_
55	allying	ally	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	47	advcl	_	_
56	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	55	obj	_	_
57	with	with	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
59	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	60	amod	_	_
60	missionaries	missionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | participle |  | the fourth item *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **issue** | participle |  |  |  | this islands |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in island=Location |
| 3 | **is** | past | the fourth item |  |  |  |  | in December; 1823 *list* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | unique little book of 60 pages of Hawaiian hymns *conj*; rare *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **prepare** | participle |  | Hawaiian hymns *not said here* |  |  |  | Hiram  Rev. and William  Rev. *obl:agent* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **reside** | past | a English missionary from Tahiti |  |  | Honolulu | time |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in honolulu=Location |
| 7 | **ally** | gerund | a English missionary from Tahiti *not said here* | Honolulu |  |  |  | with the American missionaries; heartily *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **page** |  |  | Hawaiian hymns |  |  |  |  | nom page «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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