---
title: The king and the high chiefs ratified these laws, explained them to… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The king and the high chiefs ratified these laws, explained them to the people and put them in force. Who acts: king. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 36

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The king and the high chiefs ratified these laws, explained them to the people and put them in force.

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** ratify, explain, put · **To what, where:** laws, law, people, force

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:21:36
# text = The king and the high chiefs ratified these laws, explained them to the people and put them in force.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
7	ratified	ratify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | past | the king and the high chiefs | this laws |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past |  | law | the people |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Topic to people=Recipient |
| 3 | **put** | infinitive |  | law |  | force |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in force=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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