---
title: The king and his chiefs made a gulf between their past and their fut… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The king and his chiefs made a gulf between their past and their future history and could not bridge it or re-cross it. Who acts: king, gulf. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 41

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The king and his chiefs made a gulf between their past and their future history and could not bridge it or re-cross it.

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**Who acts:** king, gulf · **What happens:** make, not bridge, re-cross · **To what, where:** gulf

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, gulf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:21:41
# text = The king and his chiefs made a gulf between their past and their future history and could not bridge it or re-cross it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gulf	gulf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	re-cross	re-cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the king and king's chiefs | a gulf |  |  |  | between chiefs's past and past's future history | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gulf=Product |
| 2 | **not** **bridge** | could | gulf |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **re-cross** | infinitive | the king and king's chiefs *not said here* | gulf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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