---
title: “In making laws for the nations, it is by no means proper to enact l… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: “In making laws for the nations, it is by no means proper to enact laws for the protection of the rulers only, without also providing protection for their subjects.” Who acts: it. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 48

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“In making laws for the nations, it is by no means proper to enact laws for the protection of the rulers only, without also providing protection for their subjects.”

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**Who acts:** it · **What happens:** make, be, enact, provide, protect · **To what, where:** laws, protection, rulers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:21:48
# text = “In making laws for the nations, it is by no means proper to enact laws for the protection of the rulers only, without also providing protection for their subjects.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	csubj	_	_
4	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	obl	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	enact	enact	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	only	only	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	also	also	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	providing	provide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	ccomp	_	_
29	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	subjects	subject	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** *in a quote* | gerund |  | laws |  |  |  | for the nations | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent law=Product for nation=Asset |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | it |  |  |  |  | by no; mean, proper *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **enact** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | laws |  |  |  | for the protection of the rulers | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent law=Theme for protection=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **provide** *in a quote* | gerund |  | protection |  |  |  | for law's subjects | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition protection=Theme for subject=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **protect** *in a quote* |  |  | the rulers |  |  |  |  | nom protection «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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