---
title: For several years the thoughts of the Bible had been studied and pre… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: For several years the thoughts of the Bible had been studied and preached with great clearness and power as the result of the labour of translating and criticising the different books. Who acts: labour. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution, with its
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 5

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For several years the thoughts of the Bible had been studied and preached with great clearness and power as the result of the labour of translating and criticising the different books.

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**Who acts:** labour · **What happens:** study, preach, translate, criticise, think, result · **To what, where:** thoughts, different books, Bible, labour

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (labour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:21:5
# text = For several years the thoughts of the Bible had been studied and preached with great clearness and power as the result of the labour of translating and criticising the different books.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	preached	preach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	clearness	clearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	translating	translate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	acl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	criticising	criticise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past · perfect · passive |  | the thoughts of the Bible |  |  | year |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **preach** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with great clearness as the result of the labour and power | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **translate** | gerund | the labour *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **criticise** | gerund | the labour *not said here* | the different books |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **think** |  |  | the Bible |  |  |  |  | nom thought «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **result** |  |  | the labour |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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