---
title: The flag which has floated over the Hawaiian Islands for more than a… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The flag which has floated over the Hawaiian Islands for more than a century is a combination of the “Union Jack” and stripes rather than the “Stars and Stripes,” to which it now gives precedence. Who acts: flag. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag, wit
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 1

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The flag which has floated over the Hawaiian Islands for more than a century is a combination of the “Union Jack” and stripes rather than the “Stars and Stripes,” to which it now gives precedence.

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**Who acts:** flag · **What happens:** float, be, give · **To what, where:** flag, Hawaiian Islands, combination, precedence, stripes

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flag), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:22:1
# text = The flag which has floated over the Hawaiian Islands for more than a century is a combination of the “Union Jack” and stripes rather than the “Stars and Stripes,” to which it now gives precedence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	floated	float	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	14	advmod	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	combination	combination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
26	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	30	cc	_	_
27	than	than	ADP	IN	_	26	fixed	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	Stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	obl	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	39	advmod	_	_
39	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
40	precedence	precedence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | present · perfect · passive |  | the flag |  | the Hawaiian Islands | century |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme over island=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the flag | a combination and stripes rather the Stars and Stripes |  |  |  | of the Union Jack; stripes rather the Stars and Stripes *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | present | flag | precedence | stripes rather the Stars and Stripes |  | now |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent precedence=Theme to which=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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