---
title: The Frenchmen soon discovered that the difficulties could be easily… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The Frenchmen soon discovered that the difficulties could be easily settled, and the long list of grievances “were reduced to two points, viz., the liberty of Catholic worship and the trade in spirits.” Who acts: Frenchmen. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiia
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 100

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The Frenchmen soon discovered that the difficulties could be easily settled, and the long list of grievances “were reduced to two points, viz., the liberty of Catholic worship and the trade in spirits.”

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**Who acts:** Frenchmen · **What happens:** discover, settle, reduce, list · **To what, where:** difficulties, grievances, two points

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frenchmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:22:100
# text = The Frenchmen soon discovered that the difficulties could be easily settled, and the long list of grievances “were reduced to two points, viz., the liberty of Catholic worship and the trade in spirits.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Frenchmen	frenchman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	settled	settle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	grievances	grievance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	viz	viz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	liberty	liberty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	Catholic	catholic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	worship	worship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	36	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | the Frenchmen |  |  |  |  | the liberty of Catholic worship and the trade in spirits *parataxis*; soon *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **settle** | could · passive |  | the difficulties |  |  |  | the long list of grievances *conj*; easily *property* | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location |
| 3 | **reduce** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | grievances *not said here* |  |  |  | to two points and viz *goal* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: to point=Goal |
| 4 | **list** |  |  | grievances |  |  |  |  | nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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