---
title: It was a curious crowd—Orientals, Europeans, Africans and Americans—… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: It was a curious crowd—Orientals, Europeans, Africans and Americans—mingling together. Who acts: flag, curious crowd. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 137

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It was a curious crowd—Orientals, Europeans, Africans and Americans—mingling together.

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**Who acts:** flag, curious crowd · **What happens:** be, mingle · **To what, where:** curious crowd

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flag, curious crowd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:22:137
# text = It was a curious crowd—Orientals, Europeans, Africans and Americans—mingling together.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	curious	curious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Orientals	Oriental	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Africans	African	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	mingling	mingle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | flag | a curious crowd |  |  |  | Orientals and Europeans and Africans and Americans *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mingle** | gerund | a curious crowd *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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