---
title: The action of Vancouver was not ratified in England, owing to more i… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The action of Vancouver was not ratified in England, owing to more important European questions, and a real protectorate was never established. Who acts: Vancouver. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 16

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The action of Vancouver was not ratified in England, owing to more important European questions, and a real protectorate was never established.

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**Who acts:** Vancouver · **What happens:** not ratify, owe, not establish, act · **To what, where:** action, England, more important European questions, real protectorate

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vancouver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:22:16
# text = The action of Vancouver was not ratified in England, owing to more important European questions, and a real protectorate was never established.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Vancouver	Vancouver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	ratified	ratify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	_
14	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
23	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **ratify** | past · passive |  | the action of Vancouver |  | England |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **owe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to more important European questions *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to question=Goal |
| 3 | **not** **establish** | past · passive |  | a real protectorate |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **act** |  | Vancouver |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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