---
title: The Jack was retained to show the king’s friendship for England. — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The Jack was retained to show the king’s friendship for England. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 40

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The Jack was retained to show the king’s friendship for England.

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**What happens:** retain, show · **To what, where:** Jack, friendship

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:22:40
# text = The Jack was retained to show the king’s friendship for England.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	retained	retain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’s	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | past · passive |  | the Jack |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | the king's friendship |  |  |  | for England | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent friendship=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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