---
title: He lost about $3,000 in this voyage to China, “chiefly owing to the… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He lost about $3,000 in this voyage to China, “chiefly owing to the new flag.” Who acts: king, chiefly. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 52

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He lost about $3,000 in this voyage to China, “chiefly owing to the new flag.”

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**Who acts:** king, chiefly · **What happens:** lose, owe · **To what, where:** voyage, new flag

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, chiefly), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:22:52
# text = He lost about $3,000 in this voyage to China, “chiefly owing to the new flag.”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	$	$	SYM	$	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	3,000	3000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	chiefly	chiefly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
14	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | king |  |  | this voyage to China |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent $=Eventuality |
| 2 | **owe** *in a quote* | gerund | chiefly *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the new flag *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to flag=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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