---
title: In 1842 and 1843 Mr. Charlton, an English consul, made trouble for t… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1842 and 1843 Mr. Charlton, an English consul, made trouble for the Hawaiian chiefs by laying claim to a very valuable piece of land in Honolulu, which the chiefs claimed could not possibly have been given to him by the rightful owners. Who acts: English consul, chiefs, rightful owners. A sentenc
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 56

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In 1842 and 1843 Mr. Charlton, an English consul, made trouble for the Hawaiian chiefs by laying claim to a very valuable piece of land in Honolulu, which the chiefs claimed could not possibly have been given to him by the rightful owners.

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**Who acts:** English consul, chiefs, rightful owners · **What happens:** make, lay, claim, not give · **To what, where:** trouble, claim, Honolulu, 1842 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English consul, chiefs, rightful owners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:22:56
# text = In 1842 and 1843 Mr. Charlton, an English consul, made trouble for the Hawaiian chiefs by laying claim to a very valuable piece of land in Honolulu, which the chiefs claimed could not possibly have been given to him by the rightful owners.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1842	1842	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	1843	1843	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	conj	_	_
5	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:desc	_	_
6	Charlton	Charlton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	consul	consul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
18	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	laying	lay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
20	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	very	very	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	valuable	valuable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Honolulu	Honolulu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	claimed	claim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	_
35	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	40	advmod	_	_
37	possibly	possibly	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
38	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	aux	_	_
39	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	ccomp	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obl	_	_
43	by	by	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	rightful	rightful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	owners	owner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle | a English consul *not said here* | trouble |  |  |  | for the Hawaiian chiefs | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent trouble=Product for chief=Asset |
| 2 | **lay** | gerund | a English consul *not said here* | claim |  | Honolulu |  | to a valuable piece of land | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent claim=Theme in honolulu=Destination |
| 3 | **claim** *speech: other* | past | the chiefs | Honolulu |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **give** | could · perfect · passive | the rightful owners |  | Honolulu |  |  | possibly *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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