---
title: It was not long before word came that Europe and America had, as ear… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: It was not long before word came that Europe and America had, as early as April, recognised the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Who acts: cabinet, Europe. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 90

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It was not long before word came that Europe and America had, as early as April, recognised the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom.

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**Who acts:** cabinet, Europe · **What happens:** not be, come, have, recognise · **To what, where:** word, independence

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cabinet, Europe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:22:90
# text = It was not long before word came that Europe and America had, as early as April, recognised the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	April	April	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | cabinet |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past |  |  |  | word |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before word=Location |
| 3 | **have** | past | Europe and America |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **recognise** | past |  | the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer independence=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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