---
title: This history was handed down by the generations of our ancestors of… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: This history was handed down by the generations of our ancestors of ancient times, and we continue to rehearse it to our children, with our incantations and genealogies, and all other matters relating to our race.” Who acts: generations, we, other matters, our. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Leg
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui Seeking Immortality, sentence 54

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This history was handed down by the generations of our ancestors of ancient times, and we continue to rehearse it to our children, with our incantations and genealogies, and all other matters relating to our race.”

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**Who acts:** generations, we, other matters, our · **What happens:** hand down, continue, rehearse, relate, race · **To what, where:** history

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui Seeking Immortality. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (generations, we, other matters, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:3:54
# text = This history was handed down by the generations of our ancestors of ancient times, and we continue to rehearse it to our children, with our incantations and genealogies, and all other matters relating to our race.”
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	continue	continue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	rehearse	rehearse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	incantations	incantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	genealogies	genealogy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	det	_	_
34	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	matters	matter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
36	relating	relate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	35	acl	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	35	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand down** | past · passive | the generations of our ancestors of ancient times | this history |  |  |  | all other matters *obl* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **continue** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **rehearse** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | history |  |  |  | to our children; with our incantations and genealogies | vn rehearse-26.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **relate** | gerund | all other matters *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to our race | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to race=Co-Theme |
| 5 | **race** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom race «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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