---
title: In his haste he struck the leaves of the groves of trees and the noi… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: In his haste he struck the leaves of the groves of trees and the noise was that of strong winds thrashing the branches and leaves back and forth, up and down. Who acts: watchman, noise, strong winds. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1], with its dep
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life \[1\], sentence 165

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In his haste he struck the leaves of the groves of trees and the noise was that of strong winds thrashing the branches and leaves back and forth, up and down.

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**Who acts:** watchman, noise, strong winds · **What happens:** strike, be, thrash, leave · **To what, where:** leaves, haste, branches

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (watchman, noise, strong winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:4:165
# text = In his haste he struck the leaves of the groves of trees and the noise was that of strong winds thrashing the branches and leaves back and forth, up and down.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	groves	grove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
21	thrashing	thrash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
26	back	back	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	up	up	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	down	down	ADV	RB	_	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past | watchman | the leaves of the groves of trees and strong winds |  | watchman's haste |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | the noise |  |  |  |  | of strong winds | tree rules |
| 3 | **thrash** | gerund | strong winds *not said here* | the branches |  |  |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Patient |
| 4 | **leave** | present | strong winds *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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