---
title: Here he and his brothers are high chiefs of the au-makuas, the ghost… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Here he and his brothers are high chiefs of the au-makuas, the ghost gods of Hawaii, who wait to welcome and give peace to the spirits of the dead. Who acts: god, ghost gods. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1], with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life \[1\], sentence 188

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Here he and his brothers are high chiefs of the au-makuas, the ghost gods of Hawaii, who wait to welcome and give peace to the spirits of the dead.

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**Who acts:** god, ghost gods · **What happens:** be, wait, welcome, give · **To what, where:** high chiefs, peace, spirits

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (god, ghost gods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:4:188
# text = Here he and his brothers are high chiefs of the au-makuas, the ghost gods of Hawaii, who wait to welcome and give peace to the spirits of the dead.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	makuas	makua	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	wait	wait	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	welcome	welcome	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
27	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | god | high chiefs |  |  |  | of the au makuas | tree rules |
| 2 | **wait** | present | the ghost gods of Hawaii |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **welcome** | to-infinitive | the ghost gods of Hawaii *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **give** | infinitive | the ghost gods of Hawaii *not said here* | peace | the spirits of the dead |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent peace=Theme to spirit=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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