---
title: They were ashamed because he had found their names, and one said to… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: They were ashamed because he had found their names, and one said to the other, “What can we give him for naming us?” Who acts: Aukele, god, one, we. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life \[1\], sentence 38

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They were ashamed because he had found their names, and one said to the other, “What can we give him for naming us?”

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**Who acts:** Aukele, god, one, we · **What happens:** be, find, say, give, name · **To what, where:** names, other, god, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aukele, god, one, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:4:38
# text = They were ashamed because he had found their names, and one said to the other, “What can we give him for naming us?”
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	22	obj	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	iobj	_	_
24	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	naming	name	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
26	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Aukele |  |  |  |  | ashamed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past · perfect | god | Aukele's names |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | one |  | the other |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to other=Recipient |
| 4 | **give** *in a quote* | can | we |  | god |  |  | What *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient what=Theme |
| 5 | **name** *in a quote* | gerund | we *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 6 | **name** |  | Aukele |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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