---
title: After a time the bird brothers taught Aukele how to leap into the ai… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: After a time the bird brothers taught Aukele how to leap into the air and fly as a bird. Who acts: bird brothers. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life \[1\], sentence 83

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After a time the bird brothers taught Aukele how to leap into the air and fly as a bird.

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**Who acts:** bird brothers · **What happens:** teach, leap, fly · **To what, where:** Aukele, air

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird brothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:4:83
# text = After a time the bird brothers taught Aukele how to leap into the air and fly as a bird.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Aukele	Aukele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the bird brothers |  | Aukele |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent aukele=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **leap** | to-infinitive | the bird brothers *not said here* |  |  | the air |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into air=Destination |
| 3 | **fly** | present | the bird brothers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as a bird | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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