---
title: The cannibal father made fire, called Kuku-ena (the lightning); then… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The cannibal father made fire, called Kuku-ena (the lightning); then Ikuwa, a stone crashing like thunder. Who acts: cannibal father, fire, stone. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life \[1\], sentence 93

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The cannibal father made fire, called Kuku-ena (the lightning); then Ikuwa, a stone crashing like thunder.

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**Who acts:** cannibal father, fire, stone · **What happens:** make, call, crash · **To what, where:** fire, Kuku ena · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cannibal father, fire, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:4:93
# text = The cannibal father made fire, called Kuku-ena (the lightning); then Ikuwa, a stone crashing like thunder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cannibal	cannibal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	Kuku	Kuku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ena	ENA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
17	Ikuwa	Ikuwa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
21	crashing	crash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the cannibal father | fire |  |  |  | Ikuwa *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Product |
| 2 | **call** | participle | fire *not said here* | Kuku ena |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **crash** | gerund | a stone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like thunder | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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