---
title: The lightning and the crashing stone were struck by the cloak and ra… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The lightning and the crashing stone were struck by the cloak and rattled into ashes, cracking and breaking, reverberating, sounding like a drum. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life \[1\], sentence 94

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The lightning and the crashing stone were struck by the cloak and rattled into ashes, cracking and breaking, reverberating, sounding like a drum.

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**What happens:** crash, strike, rattle, crack, break, reverberate · **To what, where:** lightning, ashes

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:4:94
# text = The lightning and the crashing stone were struck by the cloak and rattled into ashes, cracking and breaking, reverberating, sounding like a drum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	crashing	crash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	rattled	rattle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	cracking	crack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	advcl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	reverberating	reverberate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	sounding	sound	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	conj	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **strike** | past · passive |  | the lightning and the crashing stone |  |  |  | by the cloak | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **rattle** | participle |  |  |  | ashes |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into ash=Recipient |
| 4 | **crack** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **break** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **reverberate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **sound** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | like a drum | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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