---
title: The Vikings of the Pacific gave to their foreign lands the names by… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The Vikings of the Pacific gave to their foreign lands the names by which these lands were then known, and by which they are known to-day. Who acts: Vikings, names. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, A Viking of the Pacific, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, A Viking of the Pacific, sentence 14

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The Vikings of the Pacific gave to their foreign lands the names by which these lands were then known, and by which they are known to-day.

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**Who acts:** Vikings, names · **What happens:** give, land, know · **To what, where:** names, lands

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, A Viking of the Pacific. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings, names), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:5:14
# text = The Vikings of the Pacific gave to their foreign lands the names by which these lands were then known, and by which they are known to-day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lands	land	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obl	_	_
15	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
18	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
19	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	obl	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Vikings of the Pacific |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **land** | present | the Vikings of the Pacific *not said here* | the names |  |  |  | Vikings *= viking* *nmod:poss* | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V ADVP»: agent=Theme name=Destination |
| 3 | **know** | past · passive | the names | this lands |  |  | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **know** | present · passive |  | lands *= land* |  |  | day | which *obl* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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