---
title: Mars was known as “Hoku ula,” “the red star.” — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Mars was known as “Hoku ula,” “the red star.” A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, A Viking of the Pacific, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, A Viking of the Pacific, sentence 32

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Mars was known as “Hoku ula,” “the red star.”

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**What happens:** know · **To what, where:** Mars

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, A Viking of the Pacific. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:5:32
# text = Mars was known as “Hoku ula,” “the red star.”
1	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Hoku	Hoku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	ula	ula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past · passive |  | Mars |  |  |  | as Hoku ula; the red star *parataxis* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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