---
title: “Na hoku paa” were “the fastened stars, immovable in the heavens.” — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: “Na hoku paa” were “the fastened stars, immovable in the heavens.” Who acts: hoku paa. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, A Viking of the Pacific, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, A Viking of the Pacific, sentence 33

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“Na hoku paa” were “the fastened stars, immovable in the heavens.”

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**Who acts:** hoku paa · **What happens:** fasten, be · **To what, where:** heavens

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, A Viking of the Pacific. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hoku paa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:5:33
# text = “Na hoku paa” were “the fastened stars, immovable in the heavens.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Na	Na	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	4	dep	_	_
3	hoku	hoku	X	FW	_	4	compound	_	_
4	paa	paa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	immovable	immovable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past | hoku paa |  |  | the heavens |  | the fastened stars *nsubj*; immovable *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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