---
title: A very ancient stone water-wall along the side of one of the swift-f… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: A very ancient stone water-wall along the side of one of the swift-flowing Hawaiian rivers has no tradition or history save that the Menehune people built it in one night. Who acts: ancient stone water wall, tradition, Menehune people. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt,
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, A Viking of the Pacific, sentence 56

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A very ancient stone water-wall along the side of one of the swift-flowing Hawaiian rivers has no tradition or history save that the Menehune people built it in one night.

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**Who acts:** ancient stone water wall, tradition, Menehune people · **What happens:** flow, have, save, build · **To what, where:** wall

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, A Viking of the Pacific. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient stone water wall, tradition, Menehune people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:5:56
# text = A very ancient stone water-wall along the side of one of the swift-flowing Hawaiian rivers has no tradition or history save that the Menehune people built it in one night.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
4	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
8	along	along	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
15	swift	swift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
18	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
20	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	22	det	_	_
22	tradition	tradition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	save	save	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	parataxis	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	Menehune	Menehune	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
30	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	_
34	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | swift *compound* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | a ancient stone water wall along the side of one of the flowing Hawaiian rivers |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **save** | present | no tradition or history |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **build** | past | the Menehune people | wall |  |  | night |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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