---
title: Certain words and names among both Malays and Polynesians were simil… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Certain words and names among both Malays and Polynesians were similar, but later study has convinced the vast majority of students that this theory is not true. Who acts: Certain words, later study, students. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Legendary Home of the Pol
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Legendary Home of the Polynesians, sentence 39

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Certain words and names among both Malays and Polynesians were similar, but later study has convinced the vast majority of students that this theory is not true.

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**Who acts:** Certain words, later study, students · **What happens:** be, convince, not be · **To what, where:** vast majority

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Legendary Home of the Polynesians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Certain words, later study, students), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:6:39
# text = Certain words and names among both Malays and Polynesians were similar, but later study has convinced the vast majority of students that this theory is not true.
1	Certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	Malays	malay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Polynesians	Polynesian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	convinced	convince	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
24	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Certain words and names among both Malays and Polynesians |  |  |  |  | similar *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **convince** | present · perfect | later study | the vast majority of students |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus majority=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | students |  |  |  |  | this theory *nsubj*; true *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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