--- title: Students find a slight difficulty in the different spellings which d… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics description: Students find a slight difficulty in the different spellings which different voyagers have given to the native words according to the way in which they heard the sounds—for instance, “Hawaii” was “Owyhee” in the days of Captain Cook. Who acts: Students, voyagers, sounds. A sentence of «Hawaiian Hist --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/6/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Hawaiian Historical Legends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/) / [Legendary Home of the Polynesians](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/6/) / 5 # Hawaiian Historical Legends, Legendary Home of the Polynesians, sentence 5 Students find a slight difficulty in the different spellings which different voyagers have given to the native words according to the way in which they heard the sounds—for instance, “Hawaii” was “Owyhee” in the days of Captain Cook. **Who acts:** Students, voyagers, sounds · **What happens:** find, give, accord, hear, be · **To what, where:** slight difficulty, different spellings, different voyagers, way, Owyhee · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Legendary Home of the Polynesians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Students, voyagers, sounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66357:6:5 # text = Students find a slight difficulty in the different spellings which different voyagers have given to the native words according to the way in which they heard the sounds—for instance, “Hawaii” was “Owyhee” in the days of Captain Cook. 1 Students student NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 slight slight ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 difficulty difficulty NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 spellings spelling NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 10 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 obj _ _ 11 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 voyagers voyager NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 13 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl:relcl _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 native native ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 19 according accord VERB VBG ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 case _ _ 20 to to ADP IN _ 19 fixed _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 26 obl _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 — - PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 30 for for ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 instance instance NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 “ " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 34 Hawaii Hawaii PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 35 ” " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 36 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 37 “ " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 38 Owyhee Owyhee PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 39 ” " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 Captain Captain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 compound _ _ 45 Cook Cook PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | present | Students | a slight difficulty | | the different spellings | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficulty=Topic | | 2 | **give** | present · perfect · passive | | different voyagers | | | | to the native words accord the way; the different spellings *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient which=Theme | | 3 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hear** | past | voyagers *= voyager* | | | the way | day | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the sounds | Owyhee | | | | instance *nsubj* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/6/4/) - next →: [sentence 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/6/6/) - ↑ back to [Legendary Home of the Polynesians](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/6/)