---
title: Each endeavoured to learn the trick by which his antagonist would ch… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Each endeavoured to learn the trick by which his antagonist would change the order of battle. Who acts: antagonist. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 109

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Each endeavoured to learn the trick by which his antagonist would change the order of battle.

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**Who acts:** antagonist · **What happens:** endeavour, learn, change, order · **To what, where:** Each, trick, order, battle

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (antagonist), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:109
# text = Each endeavoured to learn the trick by which his antagonist would change the order of battle.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	endeavoured	endeavour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	antagonist	antagonist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endeavour** | participle · passive |  | Each |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive |  | the trick |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Topic |
| 3 | **change** | would | motion's antagonist | the order of battle |  |  |  | which *obl* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Patient |
| 4 | **order** |  |  | battle |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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