---
title: Large crowds of natives were watching the workmen as the stone adzes… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Large crowds of natives were watching the workmen as the stone adzes rang for the last time on the boarded-up sides of the boat. Who acts: Large crowds, stone. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 11

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Large crowds of natives were watching the workmen as the stone adzes rang for the last time on the boarded-up sides of the boat.

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**Who acts:** Large crowds, stone · **What happens:** watch, adz, ring, board up · **To what, where:** workmen

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Large crowds, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:11
# text = Large crowds of natives were watching the workmen as the stone adzes rang for the last time on the boarded-up sides of the boat.
1	Large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	crowds	crowd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	natives	native	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	workmen	workman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	adzes	adz	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
13	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
20	boarded	board	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
23	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past · progressive | Large crowds of natives | the workmen |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent workman=Theme |
| 2 | **adz** | present | the stone |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **ring** | past | the stone *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **board up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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