---
title: In the boxing contests severe blows were given until one of the boxe… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: In the boxing contests severe blows were given until one of the boxers was stricken senseless to the earth or an arm was broken. Who acts: one. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 115

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In the boxing contests severe blows were given until one of the boxers was stricken senseless to the earth or an arm was broken.

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**Who acts:** one · **What happens:** contest, give, be, break · **To what, where:** boxing, severe blows, arm

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:115
# text = In the boxing contests severe blows were given until one of the boxers was stricken senseless to the earth or an arm was broken.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	boxing	boxing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	contests	contest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	blows	blow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
9	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	boxers	boxer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	stricken	stricken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	senseless	senseless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contest** | present |  |  |  | the boxing |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | past · passive |  | severe blows |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | one of the boxers |  |  |  |  | to the earth; senseless *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **break** | past · passive |  | a arm |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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