---
title: During that night a heavy wind tossed the sea waves into foam, but a… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: During that night a heavy wind tossed the sea waves into foam, but as the morning broke the wind died away, leaving ideal surf waves rolling in from the far-off coral reef, through the harbour, up to the beach. Who acts: heavy wind, sea, wind. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Wes
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 121

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During that night a heavy wind tossed the sea waves into foam, but as the morning broke the wind died away, leaving ideal surf waves rolling in from the far-off coral reef, through the harbour, up to the beach.

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**Who acts:** heavy wind, sea, wind · **What happens:** toss, wave, break, die away, leave, roll in · **To what, where:** foam, ideal surf waves, far harbour

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavy wind, sea, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:121
# text = During that night a heavy wind tossed the sea waves into foam, but as the morning broke the wind died away, leaving ideal surf waves rolling in from the far-off coral reef, through the harbour, up to the beach.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	tossed	toss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	waves	wave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
18	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
22	away	away	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
25	ideal	ideal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	surf	surf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
28	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
29	in	in	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
32	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	off	off	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	coral	coral	NOUN	NN	_	36	compound	_	_
36	reef	reef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	through	through	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
42	up	up	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
43	to	to	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toss** | past | a heavy wind |  |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wave** | present | the sea |  |  | foam |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into foam=Recipient |
| 3 | **break** | past | a heavy wind *not said here* |  |  |  | morning |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **die away** | past | the wind |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **leave** | gerund | the wind *not said here* | ideal surf waves |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Theme |
| 6 | **roll in** | gerund | the wind *not said here* |  |  | the far harbour and the beach |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from harbour=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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