---
title: The highest honours for surf-riding were, however, given by all to V… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The highest honours for surf-riding were, however, given by all to Vai-ta-piha, the inferior chief who had come to the contest with Taunoa. Who acts: inferior chief. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 142

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The highest honours for surf-riding were, however, given by all to Vai-ta-piha, the inferior chief who had come to the contest with Taunoa.

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**Who acts:** inferior chief · **What happens:** give, come · **To what, where:** highest honours, Vai ta piha, contest

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inferior chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:142
# text = The highest honours for surf-riding were, however, given by all to Vai-ta-piha, the inferior chief who had come to the contest with Taunoa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	honours	honour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	surf	surf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	however	however	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	obl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	Vai	Vai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	ta	ta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	piha	piha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	inferior	inferior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	acl:relcl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	contest	contest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Taunoa	Taunoa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive |  | the highest honours for surf riding | Vai ta piha |  |  | by all; however *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to piha=Recipient |
| 2 | **come** | past · perfect | the inferior chief |  |  | the contest with Taunoa |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to contest=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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